Practical system administration and Bash scripting questions frequently asked during DevOps, SRE, and Backend engineering interviews.
Use the find command with the -mtime or -mmin option.
# Files modified in the last 24 hours (1 day)
find /var/www -type f -mtime -1
# Files modified in the last 60 minutes
find /var/www -type f -mmin -60A Hard Link points directly to the file's underlying inode data on disk. If the original file is deleted, the hard link still accesses the file content. Hard links cannot span across different filesystems. A Soft (Symbolic) Link stores the filesystem path to the target file. If the original file is deleted, the symlink becomes broken (dangling link).
This is the unofficial Bash 'strict mode': -e: Exit immediately if any command returns a non-zero exit status. -u: Treat unset variables as an error and exit immediately. -o pipefail: Ensures that if any command in a pipeline fails, the entire pipeline returns that failure code.
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